J. Richard, D. Koufogiannakis & P. Ryan / Librarians and Libraries Supporting Open Access Publishing 33 CSSHE SCÉES Canadian Journal of Higher Education Revue canadienne d’enseignement supérieur Volume 39, No. 3, 2009, pages 33-48 http://ojs.library.ubc.ca/index.php/cjhe Librarians and Libraries Supporting Open Access Publishing Jennifer Richard Acadia University Denise Koufogiannakis University of Alberta Libraries Pam Ryan University of Alberta Libraries ABSTRACT As new models of scholarly communication emerge, librarians and libraries have responded by developing and supporting new methods of storing and providing access to information and by creating new publishing support services. This article will examine the roles of libraries and librarians in developing and supporting open access publishing initiatives and services in higher education. Canadian university libraries have been key players in the development of these services and have been bolstered by support from librarians working through and within their professional associations on advocacy and advancement initiatives, and by significant funding from the Canadian Foundation for Innovation for the Synergies initiative – a project designed to allow Canadian social science and humanities journals to publish online. The article also reflects on the experiences of three librarians involved in the open access movement at their libraries, within Canadian library associations, and as creators, managers, and editors in two new open access journals in the field of library and information studies: Evidence-based Library and Information Practice published out of the University of Alberta; and Partnership: the Canadian Journal of Library and Information Practice and Research hosted by the University of Guelph. As active participants in the creation of open access content within their own field, the authors are able to lend their experience to faculty in other disciplines and provide meaningful and responsive library service development. 34 CJHE / RCES Volume 39, No. 3, 2009 RÉSUMÉ Face aux nouveaux modèles de communication savante, bibliothécaires et bibliothèques ont réagi en développant et en entretenant de nouvelles méthodes de stockage et d’accès à l’information, et en créant de nouveaux services visant à soutenir la publication. Cet article examine les rôles qu’ont joués les bibliothèques et les bibliothécaires pour développer et soutenir des initiatives et services en faveur de l’accès libre dans l’éducation post-secondaire. Les bibliothèques universitaires canadiennes ont joué un rôle essentiel dans le développement de ces services. Elles ont été soutenues en cela par les bibliothécaires travaillant au sein et par l’entremise de leurs associations pour faire avancer et progresser les idées. Elles ont été également aidées par un soutien financier significatif provenant de la Fondation canadienne pour l’Innovation pour lancer le projet Synergies. Ce projet vise a placer en ligne les revues savantes en sciences sociales du Canada. L’article reflète également l’expérience de trois bibliothécaires impliqués dans le mouvement en faveur de l’accès libre au sein de leur bibliothèque et au sein d’associations canadiennes de bibliothécaires. Ces trois bibliothécaires ont également créé, géré et édité deux nouvelles revues en accès libre portant sur les sciences de l’information et la bibliothéconomie : Evidence-based Library and Information Practice basé à l’université de l’Alberta, et Partnership: the Canadian Journal of Library and Information Practice and Research publié à l’université de Guelph. En participant activement à la création de contenu en accès libre dans leur propre discipline, les auteurs sont en mesure de partager leur expérience avec les professeurs d’autres disciplines et ainsi mettre en place des service à la fois pertinents et significatifs. INTRODUCTION An important tenet of librarianship is that information should be readily, equally, and equitably accessible to all (American Library Association, 2004). This ideal is what modern libraries are built upon. A perusal of the Bethesda Statement on Open Access (Suber, 2003) may assist in understanding why open access is a natural fit for twenty-first century librarians: The author(s) and copyright holder(s) grant(s) to all users a free, irrevocable, worldwide, perpetual right of access to [italics added], and a license to copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship, as well as the right to make small numbers of printed copies for their personal use. J. Richard, D. Koufogiannakis & P. Ryan / Librarians and Libraries Supporting Open Access Publishing 35 A complete version of the work and all supplemental materials, including a copy of the permission as stated above, in a suitable standard electronic format is deposited immediately upon initial publication in at least one online repository that is supported by an academic institution, scholarly society, government agency, or other well-established organization that seeks to enable open access, unrestricted distribution, interoperability, and long-term archiving [italics added] (for the biomedical sciences, PubMed Central is such a repository). As new models of scholarly communication emerge, librarians are situated to play a key role in the development of these models for academic publishing and dissemination. While open access is a natural fit for librarians, the rationale for embracing this model of dissemination of scholarship is not solely altruistic. Librarians have been struggling to maintain access to the best resources available with stagnant or shrinking budgets. Costs of subscription-based journals have been skyrocketing since the 1980s. Libraries face threats, real or imagined, regarding the relevancy of services and the library’s value as place. In an online world where Google dominates, academic librarians need to continually re-examine their role and the purpose of libraries to determine how best to adapt to meet the needs of our changing communities while maintaining our commitment to our professional core values around access to information. Academic libraries have always responded to the needs of faculty and students with reference/information services and through the collection of materials in support of the teaching and research of an institution and its members. As collection development increasingly happens through approval plans and bulk consortial purchasing and as we move to the semantic web, the traditional methods and foci of library services are changing in ways that demand the library provide leadership in all aspects of the shift in scholarly communication that is now underway. Indeed, librarians and libraries have already taken a leading role in establishing new programs and transforming the way in which scholarly communication is accessed, stored, preserved, and delivered. With expertise and interest in copyright law, creative commons licensing, and scholarly communication in general, librarians, with a solid grounding in the organization and dissemination of information, have a distinct advantage in assisting scholars in taking control of their intellectual property, disseminating it, sharing it, making it findable, and preserving it. These are some of the new pursuits for librarians. COLLECTIONS SUPPORT At the heart of all libraries are their collections. Academic librarians want to provide access to the materials needed by faculty and students at their institutions, and in the past this has meant purchasing books and journals as physical items that were housed in the library and made available to individual borrowers. Today, electronic journals and databases (and increasingly electronic 36 CJHE / RCES Volume 39, No. 3, 2009 books) are the norm. One advantage has been increased and more convenient access, but the number of available products and their costs have increased dramatically. This has created a struggle for librarians as they work to maintain high quality collections that are accessible, meet user need, and are within budget. The Association of Research Libraries (ARL) has tracked increases in serials costs since the mid-1980s which demonstrate that serial unit costs have grown by 180% and serial expenditures by 321% in the past 20 years, while the actual number of serials purchased has only risen by 51% (Association of Research Libraries, n.d.a). At the same time, libraries have shifted focus from solely acquiring, caring for, and making accessible their collections, to taking on a more active role in their creation. The Internet has allowed those wanting to share information freely to do so fairly easily. The academic world has been somewhat slow in the adoption of open source technologies, but these new tools are beginning to enter academia and are enabling scholarly publishing to explore new avenues that are of benefit to researchers and the public good. In the world of scholarly publishing, libraries are major players. In the 200708 reporting year, the 123 ARL member libraries spent $870,753,888 USD on serials (Association of Research Libraries, n.d.b). With the number of dollars being spent on serials in one year alone, the value of libraries to the scholarly publishing industry is enormous. Since libraries place high value on equitable access to information, they have also begun to support changes in publishing and are putting part of the money they spend annually into initiatives that will both reduce costs and make scholarly output more widely accessible. Libraries have been electing to put some of the money they spend on traditional collections towards new initiatives that will make collections available to a wider range of scholars via open access. Many of these models are experimental, and libraries understand that such initiatives need monetary support in order to grow and compete with commercial, for-profit products. One of the sources to identify such alternative products is SPARC, the Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition. SPARC works “to stimulate the emergence of new scholarly communication models that expand the dissemination of scholarly research and reduce financial pressures on libraries” (Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition, 2009.) Libraries commit to supporting SPARC products via membership or subscriptions. The support from libraries for SPARC and other open access initiatives has been crucial to getting initiatives off the ground. Examples of supported initiatives include BioLine,1 BioMed Central,2 Public Knowledge Project,3 Public Library of Science,4 and Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.5 Morrison (2007) notes that “the time is ripe to rethink collections. The universe of information has already changed significantly in the Internet age, with open access journals and archives already playing a key role in scholarly communication” (“Conclusions”, para. 1). She envisions that more and more of libraries’ monetary and staff resources will move towards supporting open access. This may not yet be a fully realized vision, but libraries are taking steps to support new types of collections and rethink the financial models required J. Richard, D. Koufogiannakis & P. Ryan / Librarians and Libraries Supporting Open Access Publishing 37 to make them work. The University of Alberta has included an explicit statement in its collection policy, noting that the Library supports open access and will “include OA products in our collections, and provide support for members of the University of Alberta community who want to publish in OA formats” (University of Alberta, 2006). Other libraries such as the University of Ottawa6 and Queen’s University7 have developed statements of support related to open access collections. One innovative funding support model that has shown a drastic rethinking about how library budgets are allocated is the Open Access Authors Fund at the University of Calgary (U of C), the first of its kind in Canada. U of C faculty and researchers may apply for support from this $100,000 fund that is financed by the university’s Libraries and Cultural Resources’ budget for the purpose of paying the author fees charged by some open access publishers.8 Similar funds are in place in research libraries in the United States and in Europe (Open Access Directory, 2009) with the earliest example established in 2005 at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.9 DIGITIZATION AND DIGITAL COLLECTIONS For some years now, libraries have been working to make their own print collections more accessible to the world via local digitization efforts. Recent trends see libraries working collaboratively to store, preserve, and provide access to the rich research materials that individual libraries have digitized from their collections. Led by the University of Michigan, Indiana University, the University of Virginia, and the University of California system, the HathiTrust initiative is an innovative, collaborative effort to make the vast digitized collections of some of the great research libraries available for all. With partners also including those from the Committee on Institutional Cooperation, a consortium of the 11 universities in the Big Ten Conference and the University of Chicago, the HathiTrust is leading the way in making digitized materials in the public domain openly available. As of June 12, 2009, the HathiTrust contained more than 3 million volumes, with approximately 15% in the public domain (HathiTrust, 2009). In Canada, Canadiana.org, a membership alliance primarily of academic libraries though including some government and public library partners, is digitizing Canadian historical documents on a large scale and making them freely available on the web. Canadiana.org includes in its service principles that it will “build an open content collaboration in which there is no requirement for the transfer of content ownership, or of rights”; and “ensure maximum public access within a framework of respect for copyright, including free and open access to public domain and public sector content” (Canadiana.org, n.d.). The Text Archive of the Internet Archive initiative is another project where Canadian academic libraries are contributing with important collaborative results.10 Similar digitization efforts are underway by commercial publishers and while these commercial efforts produce high quality content, they are not open access 38 CJHE / RCES Volume 39, No. 3, 2009 initiatives. In fact, some commercial products are priced out of reach of all but the top tier of academic libraries. Academic library digitization efforts are, for the most part, and where possible by copyright laws, made openly accessible to provide academics, students, and the general public with rich resources for research and educational use. In addition to digitizing the print materials held in their collections, academic libraries have stepped up to the task of storing, preserving, and making accessible in digital format the scholarly output of their parent institutions through the creation, maintenance, and promotion of the role of an Institutional Repository (IR). An IR is “a digital collection of an institution’s intellectual output. IRs are a key infrastructure component in the digital environment because they provide better access to our digital assets and they ensure that digital objects are managed appropriately” (Canadian Association of Research Libraries, 2009). Over 80% of the 31 members of the Canadian Association of Research Libraries now have an Institutional Repository service in place. IRs have taken off as a new library service and OpenDOAR, the authoritative directory of academic open access repositories, currently lists and provides access to over 1,400 repositories world-wide.11 Libraries view this new repository management role as aligned with the key values of librarianship and it has afforded new and additional opportunities for the library to be involved in the research production cycle and the reputation building of the parent institution through the promotion of the academic output and excellence of the organizations’ faculty and researchers. IRs serve other key functions in support of open access publishing. They provide an alternate and openly accessible access point for campus authors to deposit their self-archived, commercially-published research. Libraries can also use the IR to help meet the requirements of a rapidly rising number of funding agencies that grant-funded and published research should also be openly accessible to all. OUTREACH AND EDUCATION As libraries move ahead with support for new collection models, they have also become advocates for these models and have begun spreading the word amongst faculty and students at their institutions. Librarians have long liaised with teaching and research faculty, providing consultation on matters involving the publishing industry. This activity naturally extends to informing the university community about issues such as copyright, open access, peer review, author rights, and other issues associated with new models of scholarly communication. It will be faculty and changes in their publishing and peer review choices that make substantial alterations to the current system of scholarly communication, but librarians are assisting by taking on the role of advocate and educator to inform and support our academic colleagues in discovering new possibilities for their scholarly output. Librarians are working with and through their professional associations internationally, nationally, and locally to create awareness campaigns and promo- J. Richard, D. Koufogiannakis & P. Ryan / Librarians and Libraries Supporting Open Access Publishing 39 tional material that can be used in their institutional roles and in advocating for open access with faculty authors. Drawing on the successful advocacy campaigns of SPARC, the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition coordinated by the Association of Research Libraries,12 the Canadian Association of Research Libraries has created the “Greater Reach for Your Research”13 campaign to provide resources that create awareness of and influence movement to adopt open access publishing models. Resources on topics such as retaining author rights, the role of the Institutional Repository, and creating change through personal action and individual publishing decisions have been created or adapted to support the educational outreach efforts of librarians at a local level. Librarians are working within their associations to develop position statements that they can draw upon to support local decision making and policy development in their libraries. The Canadian Library Association (CLA) Taskforce on Open Access14 recently drafted the successfully adopted Position Statement on Open Access for Canadian Libraries (Canadian Library Association, 2008) which states that all Canadian libraries should support and encourage publicly funded research to be available through open access models of dissemination; raise awareness with patrons and stakeholders about open access, support the development of all types of open access including publishing and self-archiving and support authors to retain their copyright opting for creative commons licensing models. In an effort to ensure the CLA position statement is upheld, a subsequent OA Interest Group was created to provide support for Canadian librarians.15 Efforts are not restricted to Canada’s national library association. Provincial library associations such as the Atlantic Provinces Library Association (Richard, 2007), the British Columbia Library Association, and the Library Association of Alberta have moved to OA models with their association publications.16 Many individual libraries have created strategic outreach efforts for their own campuses. For example, many university libraries host web sites with information resources about open access for their campus community.17 Libraries often host speakers on topics related to scholarly communication in order to facilitate campus-wide discussion and debate on these issues that hold significance for all faculty across subject-lines. In October 2008, the first Open Access Day was held, supported by SPARC, Students for Free Culture, and Public Library of Science. 120 campuses from 27 countries participated to make this a day of discussion and reflection on open access in higher education. In Canada, university libraries from five provinces participated in activities for the day, with drop-in sessions and one-day events for faculty.18 LIBRARIAN OA MANDATES Inspired by the open access mandates passed at high-profile American universities19 where faculty members are now compelled or formally encouraged to publish in open access formats and become familiar with issues related to open access, librarians are following suit. The first few examples of librarian 40 CJHE / RCES Volume 39, No. 3, 2009 academic councils passing resolutions and/or mandates to ensure their scholarly output were seen in 2009. One example is from the Academic Council of Libraries and Cultural Resources (LCR) at the University of Calgary whose mandate states that LCR academic staff commit to: • Deposit their scholarly output in the University of Calgary’s open access scholarly repository • Promote Open Access on campus and assist scholars in making their research openly available • Where possible, publish their research in an open-access journal.20 In seeking to make their scholarly output openly accessible, librarians benefit by increasing their individual understanding of the details of publishing in open access formats and thus have practical experience to draw upon when working with faculty. They can also promote their “walking the talk” when introducing new models of scholarly communication to campus groups. The profession and practice of librarianship benefit from these mandates by making the research of the discipline as widely available as possible to practitioners and researchers in the field. LIBRARY AS PUBLISHER As illustrated in the previous sections, libraries and universities are active participants in the open access movement. They do so by including OA titles in collections, educating faculty and promoting the values of OA, supporting OA standards for publications, and digitizing their own historical collections. But what is the libraries’ role in publishing or producing scholarly work? A number of Canadian libraries have been at the forefront of OA journal publishing. One clear example of a library’s exemplary leadership in this field is that of Simon Fraser University Library. Through their involvement with the Public Knowledge Project (PKP), the library staff coordinated the development of the Open Journal System (OJS), a system used world-wide by hundreds of associations and organizations to manage and publish peer reviewed journals (Owen & Stranack, 2008). According to the Public Knowledge Project (PKP) site, there are 11 academic library publishing services in Canada. In addition to the Canadian sites, there are approximately 20 library publishing sites in the United States, Denmark, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Indonesia, and Australia. When other organizations and associations are included, over 2,000 journals are currently being published using this Canadian software. Table 1 below provides an overview of the extent and variety of journals being published by the eleven library publishing sites at Canadian universities. Please note that although all are using the OJS software, not all the titles are fully open access. J. Richard, D. Koufogiannakis & P. Ryan / Librarians and Libraries Supporting Open Access Publishing 41 Table 1 Canadian Library Publishing Sites and Journal Publications University Library Acadia University http://ojs.acadiau.ca/ Queen’s University http://library.queensu.ca/ojs/ Journal Titles PheNex (Physical Health Education Nexus) The International Journal of Service Learning in Engineering Ideas in Ecology and Evolution The Computer Science Teacher Historical Studies in Education/Revue d’histoire de l’éducation Encounters on Education COLAJ: Canadian Online Library and Archives Journal Simon Fraser University Affinities http://software.lib.sfu.ca/software- Archivaria hosting.html Australian Computer Society Digital Library CH Working Papers Current Oncology Integrated Assessment International Journal of Education Policy and Leadership Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics Loading Nepal Journals Online Neurocirugia Open Medicine Paideusis The Pink Voice Postcolonial Text SFU Educational Review Social Medicine Vietnam Journals Online University of Alberta Canadian Journal of Family and Youth http://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/ Exceptionality Education International TranscUlturAl ALTERNATIVE FRANCOPHONE Canadian Review of Comparative Literature/ Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification Canadian Journal of Irish Studies Canadian Journal of Sociology ESC: English Studies in Canada Evidence Based Library and Information Practice In Tune International Journal of Qualitative Methods Journal of Contemporary Issues in Education Journal of Curriculum and Pedagogy Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences Past Imperfect UArctic Research Papers 42 CJHE / RCES Volume 39, No. 3, 2009 University Library University of British Columbia http://ojs.library.ubc.ca University of Guelph http://journal.lib.uoguelph.ca/ University of New Brunswick http://www.lib.unb.ca/Texts/index. php?id=57 University of Toronto https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/ Journal Titles UBC Medical Journal BC Studies: The British Columbian Quarterly Canadian Journal of Higher Education Revue canadienne d’enseignement supérieur Canadian Journal of Midwifery Research and Practice - Revue Canadienne de la Recherche et de la Pratique Sagefemme TCI (Transnational Curriculum Inquiry) New Proposals: Journal of Marxism and Interdisciplinary Inquiry da Vinci’s notebook CSL Leadership Review Critical Studies in Improvisation / Études critiques en improvisation Partnership: the Canadian Journal of Library and Information Practice and Research Guelph Ichthyology Reviews International Review of Scottish Studies Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph Acadiensis Algorithmic Operations Research Atlantic Geology Canadian Forest Service / Service canadien des forêts Canadian Journal of Regional Science The Canadian Journal of Transportation The Fiddlehead International Fiction Review International Journal of Forest Engineering The Journal of Comparative International Management Journal of Conflict Studies Newfoundland and Labrador Studies QWERTY RCMP Security Bulletins The Journal of Student Writing Studies in Canadian Literature (SCL/ÉLC) Teaching Voices Theatre Research in Canada / Recherches théâtrales au Canada Canadian Online Journal of Queer Studies in Education Clinical & Investigative Medicine Higher Education Perspectives Journal of Classroom Research in Literacy Journal of Health Professions Education MediaTropes New Dawn, Journal of Black Canadian Studies Scroll Socialist Register Spontaneous Generations: A Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science Studies in Political Economy University of Toronto Art Journal University of Toronto Journal of Undergraduate Life Sciences vis-à-vis: Explorations in Anthropology Women in Judaism: A Multidisciplinary Journal Writing in the Health Sciences: a comprehensive guide J. Richard, D. Koufogiannakis & P. Ryan / Librarians and Libraries Supporting Open Access Publishing 43 University Library University of Windsor http://ojs.uwindsor.ca/ojs/leddy/ Journal Titles Complicity: An International Journal of Complexity and Education Journal for Ecological Perspectives Engineering Journal Critical Social Work Applied Multivariate Research Journal of Teaching and Learning Studies in Social Justice Informal Logic PhaenEx Humanities Research Group Working Papers York University CAML Review http://pi.library.yorku.ca/ojs/index. Canadian Jewish Studies / Études juives canadiennes php/ydj Canadian Woman Studies CORE Newsletter Critical Disability Discourse InTensions International Journal of Criminology and Sociological Theory Journal of Income Distribution Journal of Public Policy, Administration, and Law Journal of the Association for Research on Mothering Journal of the Canadian Association for Curriculum Studies Left History Pro Tem Refuge Social History / Histoire Sociale spacesofidentity.net Strategies of Critique TOPIA: Canadian Journal of Cultural Studies Of the 11 Canadian library publishing initiatives, seven are involved in the Synergies Project funded in 2007 by an $11.5 million grant from the Canadian Foundation for Innovation.21 Led by University of New Brunswick, Université de Montréal, University of Toronto, University of Calgary, and Simon Fraser University, Synergies was proposed to support and promote humanities and social science online publishing in Canada. It was expected that over 50 journals would either be created or migrated to online, with the assistance of university libraries using OJS or Érudit (a similar journal management system used mainly by French language publications). To date, over 100 journals are listed on the Synergies Canada website (Synergies Canada, 2009). In addition to the OJS system, the Public Knowledge Project is further expanding its available software with OCS (Open Conference System) and OMS (Open Monograph System) in an effort to increase and improve scholarly communication beyond journals. Libraries need not limit themselves to traditional format publishing in the digital environment. A next step for Canadian libraries could be to follow the lead of Utrecht University in the Netherlands by not only hosting journal publishing services but working with research and graduate departments to create virtual collaborative research centres to facilitate the entire research process. “Virtual Knowledge Centres” take advantage of software such as Sharepoint for the collaborative portion, OJS for publication, and Dspace for additional 44 CJHE / RCES Volume 39, No. 3, 2009 access or dissemination to create a centralized virtual location for collaborative research (Van Wesenbeeck & Van Luijt, 2007). LIBRARIANS’ EXPERIENCE AS EDITORS Many of the issues that exist with a subscription-based model of publication also exist with open access journals. Issues regarding the rigour and timeliness of the peer review process, the quality of submissions, and the coordination of indexing and marketing of the journal content are important for all types of journals. However, one of the biggest challenges with open access journals can be financial. While some open access journals rely on author submission fees, others rely on in-kind institutional support, grants from funding agencies, and a strong reliance on volunteers. It is the experience of the authors that in-kind support and volunteers can be a sustainable model while also providing opportunities for professional service contribution and skill development in volunteers. As academics, librarians not only assist faculty with scholarly communication issues in their subject areas, but also actively conduct research and contribute to the literature of their own field of library and information studies. Merging the interests of promoting open access and contributing to the scholarly communication within their own field, many librarians are involved in editing and publishing open access journals. Two journals that the authors have helped to create are Partnership: the Canadian Journal of Library and Information Practice and Research (Partnership),22 and Evidence Based Library and Information Practice (EBLIP).23 Both began publication in 2006, use the Open Journal Systems from PKP, and are supported by Canadian university libraries for web hosting and technical services and by professional library associations with additional in-kind contributions. Partnership is a practitioners’ journal established by members of all the provincial, regional, and territorial library associations of Canada to allow the library community to share their theoretical research and innovative practices occurring at public, special, and academic libraries all across Canada. EBLIP provides a forum for librarians and other information professionals to find research that may contribute to decision making in professional practice. It publishes original research and commentary on evidence-based library and information practice, as well as reviews of previously published research (evidence summaries) on a wide number of topics. As a result of starting open access journals and working through all the development, governance, and production issues, some librarians have become even more knowledgeable about the entire process of OA publishing. In addition to contributing to the scholarship of their own field, this in-depth knowledge has enabled these librarians to provide greater service when working as colleagues with faculty who may be considering or are starting an OA journal, or who are migrating an established journal to OA. As well, librarians knowledgeable about OA may go further to create documentation and user help guides. For example, Acadia University has created a series of screen capture videos in J. Richard, D. Koufogiannakis & P. Ryan / Librarians and Libraries Supporting Open Access Publishing 45 a guide to assist new users based on their role within the publication system (i.e. peer reviewer, section editor, etc.).24 Professor Kevin Haggerty, Editor of the Canadian Journal of Sociology,25 detailed his experience of moving a well-established, fee-based journal to open access using the OJS system and with assistance from the University of Alberta Libraries. Haggerty (2008) notes: At the institutional level, I have been fortunate that the University of Alberta Libraries support open access as part of their business model. Their programmers and technicians have dedicated the time and energy necessary to help us switch to a new format. (“Lessons Learned”, para. 4) Professor Stan Ruecker recently noted, when speaking of the journal Partnership, “I often tell people that if they want to have their articles read, they should send them to you” (personal communication, February 13, 2009). CONCLUSION There are many ways to support or become involved with open access. Information on the topic is abundant, and your librarians can help point you in the right direction. No single solution suits everyone, but a librarian at your institution should be able to help by providing resources and insights into the many options available, depending on your needs. A librarian’s skills may lend crucial assistance to those who are starting new journals, and librarians are generally keen to work on collaborative projects with faculty. Let’s continue the discussion. REFERENCES American Library Association. (2004). Core values of librarianship. Retrieved July 25, 2009, from http://www.ala.org/ala/aboutala/offices/oif/statementspols/corevaluesstatement/corevalues.cfm Association of Research Libraries. (n.d.a). Monograph and serial costs in ARL libraries, 1986-2000. Retrieved July 24, 2009, from http://www.arl.org/ bm~doc/monser06.pdf Association of Research Libraries. (n.d.b). ARL statistics 2007-08. Retrieved July 24, 2009, from http://www.arl.org/stats/annualsurveys/arlstats/arlstats08.shtml Canadian Association of Research Libraries. (2009). Canadian institutional repositories. Retrieved July 27, 2009, from http://www.carl-abrc.ca/projects/institutional_repositories/canadian_projects-e.html Canadian Library Association. (2008, May 21). Position statement on open access for Canadian libraries. Retrieved July 22, 2009, from http://www.cla. ca/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Position_Statements&Template=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=5306 46 CJHE / RCES Volume 39, No. 3, 2009 Canadiana.org. (n.d.). About Canadiana.org. Retrieved from http://www. canadiana.org/en/about Haggerty, K. D. (2008). Taking the plunge: Open access at the Canadian Journal of Sociology. Information Research 13(1). Retrieved from http://InformationR. net/ir/13-1/paper338.html Hahn, K. L. (2008, June). Research library publishing services: New options for university publishing and new roles for libraries. ARL: A Bimonthly Report on Research Library Issues and Actions from ARL, CNI, and SPARC, 258, 6-9. HathiTrust. (2009). FAQ. Retrieved July 27, 2009, from http://www.hathitrust.org/faq Morrison, H. (2007). Rethinking collections–Libraries and librarians in an open age: A theoretical view. First Monday, 12(10). Retrieved from http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/1965/ Open Access Directory. (2009). OA journal funds. Retrieved July 27, 2009, from http://oad.simmons.edu/oadwiki/OA_journal_funds Owen, B. G. W., & Stranack, K. (2008). The Public Knowledge Project and the Simon Fraser University Library: A partnership in open source and open access. The Serials Librarian, 55(1-2), 140-167. Pyati, A. (2007). A critical theory of open access: Libraries and electronic publishing. First Monday, 12(10). Richard, J. (2007). Celebrating APLA and Open Access. APLA Bulletin, 70(5), 1, 3, 6. Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition. (2009). About SPARC. Retrieved July 22, 2009, from http://www.arl.org/sparc/about/index. shtml Suber, P. (2003, June 20). Bethesda statement on open access publishing. Retrieved July 26, 2009, from http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/bethesda. htm#note1 Synergies Canada. (2009). Retrieved July 22, 2009, from http://alpha.synergiescanada.org/ University of Alberta. (2006, Nov. 24). University of Alberta libraries collection development policy. Retrieved July 22, 2009, from http://www.library. ualberta.ca/aboutus/collection/policy/index.cfm Van Wesenbeeck, A. & Van Luijt, M. (2007). Partners in science: OJS, a collaborative researchers’ workbench and an open repository. First Monday, 12(10). Retrieved July 21, 2009, from http://www.uic.edu/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index. php/fm/issue/view/250 J. Richard, D. Koufogiannakis & P. Ryan / Librarians and Libraries Supporting Open Access Publishing 47 NOTES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. http://www.bioline.org.br/ http://w.biomedcentral.com/ http://pkp.sfu.ca/ http://www.plos.org/ http://plato.stanford.edu/ http://www.biblio.uottawa.ca/content-page.php?g=en&s=biblio&c=abtptq-numeriq http://library.queensu.ca/services/scholcomm#open http://library.ucalgary.ca/services/for-faculty/open-access-authors-fund-0 http://www.hsl.unc.edu/scholcom/OAFundAnnounce.cfm. http://www.archive.org/details/toronto http://www.opendoar.org/ http://www.arl.org/sparc/resources/index.shtml http://www.carl-abrc.ca/projects/author/author-e.html http://www.cla.ca/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Open_Access_Task_Force http://www.cla.ca/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Open_Access_Interest_ Group&Template=/CM/HTMLDisplay.cfm&ContentID=6309 The British Columbia Library Association web page is http://bclabrowser. ca/index.php/browser, and the Library Association of Alberta web page is http://www.laa.ca/page/letter%20of%20the%20laa.aspx Included are libraries at the University of Alberta(http://guides.library. ualberta.ca/oa), McMaster University (http://library.mcmaster.ca/scholarlycommunication), York University (http://scholcom.yorku.ca/?q=node/51), and the University of British Columbia (http://toby.library.ubc.ca/subjects/ subjpage2.cfm?id=960). Open Access Day 2008 is described at http://oad.simmons.edu/oadwiki/ North_America:_Open_Access_Day_2008. This includes Harvard (http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/node/3927), MIT (http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2009/open-access-0320.html), and Stanford (http://ed.stanford.edu/suse/news-bureau/displayRecord.php?tablena me=susenews&id=478). Open Access in Libraries & Cultural Resources. University of Calgary. Retrieved from http://library.ucalgary.ca/open-access/lcr. http://www.innovation.ca/ http://journal.lib.uoguelph.ca/index.php/perj/ http://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/EBLIP http://libguides.acadiau.ca/ojs http://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/CJS/index 48 CJHE / RCES Volume 39, No. 3, 2009 CONTACT INFORMATION Jennifer Richard Research Services Head Vaughan Memorial Library Acadia University 50 Acadia Street Wolfville, Nova Scotia Canada B4P 2R6 [email protected] Jennifer Richard is Head of Research Services at Acadia University. She was a member of the Canadian Library Association’s Open Access Task Force. Jennifer is Editor-in-Chief of the open access journal Partnership: the Canadian Journal of Library and Information Practice and Research and co-coordinates Acadia’s Open Journal System (OJS) Hosting Service and Digital Collections. Denise Koufogiannakis is Collections and Acquisitions Coordinator at the University of Alberta Libraries. She was also a member of the Canadian Library Association’s Open Access Task Force, which drafted the association’s policy on open access, as well as a position statement on OA in Canadian libraries. Denise is also Editor-in-Chief of the open access journal Evidence Based Library and Information Practice. Pam Ryan is Head, Science & Technology Library at the University of Alberta Libraries. She founded the University of Alberta Libraries’ Open Access Journal Hosting service while serving as Production Editor for the open access journal Evidence Based Library and Information Practice. Pam has also worked with faculty editors to both migrate and initiate new journals in open access models.